Carbon dioxide capture is crucial in minimizing greenhouse gases within industrial processes. Different techniques are employed to capture CO2 from industrial schemes and power stations, including post-combustion capture, chemical absorption, physical absorption, membranes, oxygen-fuel combustion, chemical looping combustion (CLC), direct air capture (DAC), and geosequestration of CO2.

Post-combustion capture involves capturing CO2 after the fuel has been combusted, while post-combustion capture captures CO2 from flue gases after combustion. Chemical absorption uses solvents like MEA to capture CO2, while physical absorption uses solvents like Selexol to dissolve CO2 at high pressures. Membranes enable selective separation of CO2. Oxy-fuel combustion ignites the fuel supply in pure oxygen, producing flue gases with high levels of CO2 and water. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) provides oxygen from metal oxides, separates CO2, and enhances thermal efficiency. Direct Air Capture (DAC) removes CO2 from the atmosphere using chemical absorption or solid absorbents.

These capture techniques require integration with industrial practices such as electricity generation, chemical synthesis, and biological hydrogen production. In power plants, carbon dioxide can be isolated from flue gases and used in EOR processes, particularly in industries like cement production and steel rolling. CO2 capture can also increase the sustainability of biohydrogen producing processes.

The necessity of CO2 capture and its applications in different sectors is highlighted, showing the opportunity to turn CO2 into useful products across various utility sectors of industry, energy, agriculture, and conservation. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) have advantages such as enhanced oil recovery, green concrete production, chemical feedstocks, synthetic fuels, biofuels, greenhouse agriculture, carbon dioxide capture in soil, ocean storage, everyday products, geosequestration, indirect utilization of CO2 through funding programs, capture of CO2 in manufacturing of consumer goods, and pharma.

Stable forms of CO2 that can be captured and stored in the long term include geological storage and mineralization. CO2 recycling offers employment opportunities, energy self-sufficiency, climate change mitigation, and opportunities for creating new industries in carbon conversion technologies.

In summary, the analysis of CO2 capture and utilization is essential for combating climate change. By adopting technological improvements, CO2 capture will become more effective and implemented in various sectors in the future, preventing the effects of global warming and bringing about change.

S.Rishikesavan

University/College name : Rajalakshmi Engineering College