CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION
Fossil fuel combustion releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which builds up as an insulating layer around the Earth and traps more solar heat in our
atmosphere. Due to human activity, CO2 emissions have increased dramatically,
making it the main greenhouse gas causing climate change, with global
warming exceeding over 1˚C at pre-industrial levels.
The process of capturing, cleaning, dehydrating, liquefying, transporting, and
ultimately storing or using CO2 is described in Carbon Capture, Utilization, and
Storage (CCUS). Obtaining CO2 directly from the atmosphere, industrial sites
and power plants that run on fossil fuels or biomass. Transporting compressed
CO2from the site of capture to the location of usage or storage by pipeline or
ship utilizing CO2 that has been captured as a feedstock or input to produce
goods or services.
For carbon capture, three main technologies are used it includes : oxyfuel
combustion, post-combustion, and pre-combustion.
Pre-combustion capture, especially in power stations and industrial sites, it is
the process of capturing CO2 emissions prior to the burning of fossil fuels.
Using this process, carbon-containing fuels like coal or natural gas undergo
chemical reactions that produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Post-combustion capture, however it removes CO2 from flue gas after the
combustion process. This technique can be used in current power plants and
industrial facilities, making it as an essential element in retrofitting plans.
Oxy-fuel combustion, in this fuel is burned in an environment with high
oxygen levels, resulting in the main waste products being CO2 and water, which
are separated through cooling and condensation. This method is being
developed to produce electricity and for capturing CO2 from cement production
and the iron and steel sector.
The wide range of uses of carbon capture includes incorporating renewable
energy and creating carbon-based materials, improving the soil quality, and
aiding in industrial processes, showcase the adaptability of this method in
tackling various environmental and economic issues

VIJITHA C

University/College name : Dr NGP ARTS AND SCIENCE AND