Bioscience is a broad field that encompasses various disciplines focused on studying living organism and their interaction with the environment. Under this broad category , various fields such as molecular biology , genetics , microbiology , biotechnology , pharmacology , environmental science, biochemistry , physiology, immunology, neuroscience are affiliated. It also includes knowledge from various scientific disciplines and apply in understanding practically. Using bioscience disciplines , biotherapeutics are developed for understanding biological systems therapies , monoclonal antibodies , vaccines , therapeutic proteins which are developed through detailed knowledge of molecular and cell biology.

Biotherapeutics are medical treatments derived from biological samples and complex molecules such as proteins , antibodies or cells. These includes range of products like monoclonal antibodies , vaccines , gene therapies and cell therapies. These therapies target special biological pathways or cells to treat diseases often with a high degree of precision and fewer side effects compared to traditional drugs. This led to the development of precision in biotherapeutics.

Precision Biotherapeutics are a subset of personalized medicine that use predictive biomarkers to identify patients who may benefit from certain targeted drug treatments. Precision medicine is a medical model that tailors medical decision and treatment to individual patients based on their predicted risk of disease or response. One such department in the field of precision biotherapeutics is the establishment of renowned company “Precision Bioscience” which is clinical stage gene editing company that develops in vivo and ex vivo gene editing therapies. The company was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Durham , North Carolina. Precision Bioscience used its proprietary “ARCUS” genome editing platform for its research.

ARCUS nucleases are based on a naturally occurring genome editing enzyme ‘I-Cre1’ , a hormoning endonuclease that evolved in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to make highly specific cuts and DNA insertions in cellular DNA.The nuclease is able to deactivate itself once gene edits are made which minimizes potential off targeting.

In the world of medicine, precision biotherapeutics is a cutting-edge strategy that focuses on creating customized medicines based on each patient’s specific genetic, environmental, and lifestyle characteristics. This method represents an abrupt shift from the conventional “one-size-fits-all” paradigm, which frequently uses conventional therapies that might not work for every patient.

Oncology is one of the key domains where precision biotherapeutics is being used. In this regard, the creation of medications like Herceptin for patients with HER2-positive breast cancers has transformed the way cancer is treated and greatly enhanced the prognosis for these individuals.

Cardiology, neurology, and infectious disorders are among the other domains where it is being used more and more. Knowing the genetic composition of pathogens, vaccines and therapies unique to a given strain of the disease can be developed more effectively.

Subsequently, precision biotherapeutics offers the possibility of more individualized and successful therapies, and it is an innovative approach in contemporary medicine. A more personalized approach to illness management and improved patient outcomes are anticipated as precision medicine becomes more widely used in healthcare as technology advances.

DAINIK JAIN

University/College name : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology , Meerut-250110