Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is a process that captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from industrial sources or directly from the atmosphere. It then uses the captured CO₂ to create valuable products or store them in a stable form. This approach is seen as a way to mitigate climate change by reducing the amount of CO₂ released into the atmosphere. Using a mix of different algal species with complementary metabolic capabilities can improve overall carbon capture efficiency. Such consortia can also enhance resilience against environmental fluctuations and optimize the utilization of resources.
Recently, there has been an increase in research on new techniques for carbon capture using microalgae. Carbon Capture Using microalgae leverages the natural ability of microalgae to perform photosynthesis and convert CO₂ into biomass, which can be utilized in various products. Microalgae have attracted significant attention due to their rapid growth rates, high CO₂ fixation efficiency, and ability to thrive in diverse environments. Scientists are isolating and cultivating microalgae strains with natural tolerance to high CO₂ concentrations, enhancing their carbon capture capabilities. Strains like Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis, and Scenedesmus show promise due to their robust growth and high photosynthetic efficiency. Using a mix of different algal species with complementary metabolic capabilities can improve overall carbon capture efficiency. Such consortia can also enhance resilience against environmental fluctuations and optimize the utilization of resources.
The utilization aspect of CCU offers the potential to create a circular carbon economy, where CO₂ is not merely seen as waste but as a resource for sustainable production processes. However, challenges remain, such as the high costs associated with current capture technologies, significant energy demands, and the need for supportive infrastructure and regulatory frameworks. Despite these challenges, the growing market for CO₂-derived products, combined with increased focus on carbon neutrality, presents substantial opportunities for CCU to play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing resource efficiency, and supporting global efforts to achieve a sustainable, low-carbon future. As research and development in this field continue, CCU could become a cornerstone technology for combating climate change.

SAYANI GIRI

University/College name : Vellore Institute of Technology