Carbon Capture and Its Utilization:
*INTRODUCTION:*
Addressing Climate ChangeCarbon capture and utilization (CCU) involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from industrial sources or the atmosphere and repurposing them for various uses. As greenhouse gas levels rise, CCU has gained attention as a crucial tool to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable economic growth.
*The Role of Carbon Capture:*
Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have drastically increased atmospheric CO₂, contributing to global warming. Reducing emissions alone is insufficient to meet climate targets like the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal. CCU can bridge this gap by capturing CO₂ from major emitters such as power plants and factories, preventing it from entering the atmosphere.
*Methods of Carbon Capture:*
There are three main approaches to carbon capture:Pre-combustion capture: Fossil fuels are converted into hydrogen and CO₂ before combustion, and the CO₂ is stored while hydrogen is used as energy.Post-combustion capture: CO₂ is captured after fossil fuels are burned, using solvents to separate it from flue gases.Direct air capture (DAC): CO₂ is removed directly from the atmosphere, though it is currently expensive and energy-intensive.
*Utilization of Captured Carbon:*
Captured CO₂ has several uses, including:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR): CO₂ is injected into oild fields to increase oil extraction, though it remains controversial due to fossil fuel reliance.Chemical feedstocks: CO₂ can be used to produce chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fuels, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting a circular economy.Building materials: CO₂ can be mineralized into concrete, creating carbon-storing construction materials.Agriculture: CO₂ can enhance greenhouse plant growth and produce algae for biofuels or food.
*Challenges and Future Prospects:*
CCU faces challenges, primarily high costs, especially with DAC. Ensuring that utilization pathways lead to long-term CO₂ storage, rather than re-emission, is also critical. Significant investments in infrastructure, public support, and robust policies are required to scale CCU effectively.
*Conclusion:*
CCU offers a promising solution for reducing emissions and fostering sustainable growth. While it faces technical and economic hurdles, advancements in technology and regulatory frameworks are key to realizing its potential in combating climate change.

Madhumitha.S

University/College name : Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science College