In general precision term describes the worth being, consistent, accurate and exacting different field like measurement, expression and elaboration, for e.g. in life sciences or biotechnology engineering ,it refers to the consistent accurate outcomes of calculation and experiments when done multiple times under the same condition .
Precision in bio therapeutics means the accurate and consistent actions of treatment, some common examples include
• Monoclonal bodies (TRASTUZUMAB, for HER 2 positive breast cancer, RITUXINAB – Non- hodglin lymphoma)
• CAR-T-Cell Therapy(AXICABTAGENE,TISAGENLECLEUCEL)
• Gene therapy(LUXTURNA, ZOLGENSMA)
• Immuno-therapies (PERMBROLIZUMB )
• Vaccines(Moderna ( Spikevax),DTP vaccine)
• CRISPR- BASED THERAPIES
In above field precision treatment targets to the specific cell, protein, receptor or pathways, focusing the minimal or negligible side effects, which not only improve safety but also enhance the efficacy. It also focus on the production, dosage and action are consistent with minimum variability or less error result
CHALLENGES FACED EARLIER
• Disease specially cancer show heterogeneity i.e., they involve different type of mutation for the same type diseases in different person
• Chemo therapies and other broad spectrum therapies are not always capable of curing the disease
• Chemo therapies and radiation therapies along with the treatment give away a lot more side effects to both healthy and infected cell
• Microbes tend to mutate and get drug resistance and also tend to adopt other adaptive mechanism to survive
• Genetic disorder complexity challenges to treat with conventional approaches
And a lot more are there. Become the root cause to discover the new methodologies to treat.
ADVANCED TARGET TREATMENTS
• Personalized therapeutics: Aim to tailor treatments to individual patient profile for efficient care.
• Molecular targets: Specific bio molecule is targeted by drugs for treatment.
• Pharmaco genomics: Describes gene response to the personalized treatment
• Biomarker identification: It find indicator (biological) to know and guide treatment.
• Immune system modulation
• Cell based therapies
• Gene therapy approaches
• Nanomedicine innovation: precise targeted treatment effectively
• Combinatorial therapies
• Predictive modeling uses date to forecast future outcome of treatment
• Companion diagnostic: Guide decision based on patient profile.
The algorithms should be governed by fixed rules to ensure standardization and reproducibility. Molecular, biological and technical criteria, that should be established treating algorithm based on tumor molecular profiling for PM trials. Suggestion for prioritizing molecular alteration
• Classification of targeted pathways to be taken into account (RTK Vs Cell cycle etc)
• Oncogene activation vs. Tumor suppressor gene activation [If similarity proven alteration (database and literature)
• Activating Mutation vs. focal amplification of oncogene
• Size of amplicon vs. amplitude of focal amplification of oncogene 2
• Activating mutation of ontogeny 1 vs. activating mutation of oncogene 2
• All the above to be considered in presence or absence of downstream resistance biomarkers
FUTURE DIRECTION IN PRECISION BIO THERAPIES
 Expanding techniques of CRISPR for more detailed treatment
 Developing vaccine tailored to personalized genetic order
 Identifying new bio marker for earlier diagnosis of disease
 Using AI to predict the disease and treatment
 Combining all therapies
Hence we conclude that there are a lot more advancement in this filed some of the adaptive clinical trials example include , BATTLE, I-SPY2, STAMP, ADAPT,SEER etc.,

Anjali Rath

University/College name : GIET university